Rapid equivalent dose estimation for eolian dune sands using a portable OSL reader and polymineralic standardised luminescence growth curves: Expedited sample screening for OSL dating     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

Portable optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) readers are robust devices that allow rapid determination of luminescence signals of polymineralic coarse-grained samples. To date, however, the utility of portable OSL readers has largely been confined to the construction of luminescence profiles that depict variations of luminescence signal intensities with depth. Because the luminescence signals used to construct such profiles are uncalibrated, it is neither practical to quantitatively compare portable OSL data from different sites nor is it possible to approximate sample ages. Such comparisons could be facilitated by converting portable OSL signals into equivalent doses (D_e). However, determining D_e requires the construction of unique growth curves for each sample; a laborious procedure that negates the rapidity associated with portable measurements. To circumvent that limitation, we construct standardised growth curves (SGCs) using normalized regeneration dose signals obtained using a portable OSL reader from the feldspar component of polymineralic sands from five disparate eolian dune sites in Alberta, Canada. Comparison of SGCs from different samples indicates general congruence and we merge these to construct a regionally applicable curve which we test by comparing the D_e obtained from given samples with that obtained using conventional OSL dating protocols. Results show that, though the uncertainties associated with the portable OSL data are high, the D_e values from the two approaches are linearly proportional. This direct variation enables portable OSL SGC D_e values to be used independently in reconnaissance studies that aim to screen samples for more detailed analysis using standard OSL methods. The affordability of portable OSL readers suggests that the approach could be attractive to researchers who do not have ready access to conventional OSL readers.  相似文献   

基于GRACE资料研究南极冰盖消减对海平面的影响   总被引：15，自引：10，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

鄂栋臣  杨元德  晁定波 《地球物理学报》2009,52(9):2222-2228

利用5年的GRACE重力数据,计算了南极1°×1°等效水量时间序列,得到每个格网的趋势项,结果表明在西南极Amundsen区域有明显的负增长,超过-80 mm/a,南极半岛存在着负增长,东南极Enderby Land地区质量增长;计算得到2002年7月到2007年9月南极、东南极和西南极冰盖的等效体积变化分别为-78±37 km³/a,-3±46 km³/a和-75±50 km³/a,对应海平面变化的贡献为0.21±0.1 mm/a,0.008±0.127 mm/a和0.2±0.14 mm/a.该结果与国际最新研究结果一致.同时发现冰后回弹是影响利用GRACE研究南极冰盖质量变化的关键因素.  相似文献   

水平分层土层系统等效阻尼比的简化计算方法     

殷琳  楼梦麟  康帅 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):10-23

在实际工程场地中,很多土层可视为水平分层,各层土的物理和力学性质存在差异,其中包括土的振动阻尼比。本文讨论水平分层土层系统的等效阻尼比的近似计算方法,基于5个不同的加权函数推导了10种等效阻尼比的计算公式。通过2个算例,分别以等效阻尼比为参数计算水平分层土层的地震反应,并与准确解相比较,分析了不同等效阻尼比近似计算方法的计算精度。数值结果表明,若等效阻尼比计算方法选择不恰当,会导致土层地震反应的计算结果出现较大误差。针对2种不同类型的水平分层土层,建议采用基于三角形分布的加权函数来计算土层系统的等效阻尼比。  相似文献   

基于等效线性化方法的一维土层地震反应通用计算程序对比     

马俊玲  丁海平 《震灾防御技术》2017,12(4):725-742

基于等效线性化的一维土层地震反应计算是目前国内外普遍采用的方法,国外的SHAKE91、DEEPSOIL和我国的LSSRLI-1即是根据这一方法编制的通用计算程序。本文采用这3个程序进行了不同地震波、不同输入地震动幅值下不同场地类型的土层地震反应计算,并对三者的结果进行了全面的比较分析。结果表明:①SHAKE91和DEEPSOIL程序的计算结果完全相同;②当土层最大剪应变均采用时域计算时,LSSRLI-1程序的计算结果与SHAKE91和DEEPSOIL程序基本相同,但有微小差别,其原因是:在基于等效剪应变通过离散形式的剪切模量和阻尼比随等效剪应变变化的关系曲线确定等效剪切模量和阻尼比时,DEEPSOIL和SHAKE91采用的插值方法与LSSRLI-1不同;③当LSSRLI-1程序采用频域经验关系计算土层最大剪应变时,特别是在强地震动输入下得到的土层地表加速度峰值和加速度反应谱与另外两个程序的计算结果有差别,且土层最大剪应变随着输入加速度的增大出现较大的差别。因此,本文建议:当采用LSSRLI-1程序计算土层地震响应时,应使用程序中的时域解方法代替以往默认的频域经验关系方法。  相似文献   

利用电磁台站观测数据推算汶川M_S8.0地震等效电偶矩     

李美  王中平  卢军  谭捍东  张小涛 《地震》2018,38(1):49-60

本文利用地下电偶极子产生的电磁场模型, 尝试模拟和推算地震前地面电磁台站观测数据所需震源深度处等效电偶矩。 结果显示, 在观测频率为1 Hz, 地下平均电导率取7.0×10^-4 S/m 时, 2008年汶川M_S8.0地震前电磁异常高潮期, 距离震中1440 km 的高碑店台NS测向观测到1.3 mV/m的电场强度所需震源深度处等效电偶矩量级为10¹³A·m; 若考虑地震主破裂长度150 km, 则产生的地电流量级为10⁸ A。 同时, 这一等效电偶源在地面产生电场的2D分布图显示出很强的方向性(或不均匀性); 信号强度和电流源方向存在着密切的关系, 且电磁场值随观测距离增大而衰减迅速。 这部分地解释了地震相关电磁异常信号的方向性(或不均匀性)的观测事实; 如果观测点位于非强信号区, 即使在有效的探测范围内也可能记录不到异常信息, 这对地震监测台网仪器选址和布置提出了要求, 具有现实的指导意义。  相似文献   

正则化等效层重力向下延拓方法          下载免费PDF全文

李晓杰  王真理 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):3028-3036

近年来,利用时移微重力技术进行储层开发监测受到国内外学者广泛关注.时移微重力观测数据存在信噪比低,信号弱的问题,难以实现储层内物质运移的定量解释.为压制数据噪声,增强有效弱信号,本文研究了利用Tikhonov正则化方法反演等效层（源）,并由等效源实现重力场向下延拓的方法;在此基础上,本文推导了波数域正则化等效源向下延拓算子.针对向下延拓场幅值衰减问题,提出了正则化等效源迭代补偿算法.通过模拟数据实验研究了不同深度正则化等效源滤波算子及向下延拓算子的波数响应;与波数域Tikhonov正则化向下延拓方法相比,正则化等效源向下延拓方法的延拓精度更高、更稳定.最后,将基于迭代补偿的正则化等效源向下延拓技术应用于实测时移微重力数据证实了该方法能够有效增强局部异常,实现时移微重力数据大深度稳定向下延拓.  相似文献   

多层等效源曲面磁异常转换方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李端  陈超  杜劲松  梁青 《地球物理学报》2018,61(7):3055-3073

在磁异常数据处理中,利用等效源技术重构磁异常场具有较好的稳定性和较高的计算精度,因而被广泛应用.传统方法是采用设置在近地表的单层等效源拟合实测磁异常数据,尽管拟合精度很高,但向上延拓之后往往会出现较大的拟合误差,即可能存在磁异常信号的"泄漏",尤其在原始数据中存在背景场时更容易出现此种误差.本文提出一种多层等效源技术方案,应用分布于不同深度范围内的等效源模拟实测数据,减少了等效源参数设置的盲目性.理论模型试验表明,采用多层等效源方法重构的磁异常及其梯度与分量,较单层等效源方法具有更高精度,可以吸收更完整的实测磁异常信息.论文详细地讨论了如何优化多层等效源设置、等效源参数选择以及计算方法,通过二维和三维理论模型试验,验证了在复杂条件下多层等效源方法的可行性和适应性,并且将该方法应用于广西某地的实测磁异常数据转换之中,取得了较好的应用效果.  相似文献   

The Influence of Thrust Fault Structure on Cross-fault Short-leveling Survey     

YUE Chong  QU Chunyan  YAN Wei  ZHAO Jing  SU Qin 《中国地震研究》2019,33(3):489-502

Aiming at different variation patterns of cross-fault short-leveling before earthquakes, the paper establishes the 2-D finite-element models with different crustal stratification and fault occurrence perpendicular to Longmenshan fault zone. By contact analysis and viscoelastic finite element method, the influence of fault structure on cross-fault short-leveling is obtained under the same constraint conditions, the results show that:with the increase of the horizontal projection distance of fault, the cumulative displacements of surface increase gradually in the models with fixed dip angles of the fault plane (model 1). However, when the horizontal projection distance exceeds 20km, the influence of fault''s dip angle on the cumulative displacements of surface short-leveling will decrease significantly, and the cumulative displacements are maintained at about 1.5m. However, in the listric fault models (model 2),when the projection distance is less than 20km, the listric fault structure impedes the sliding of fault. The short-leveling variation rate is only half of model 1; as a result, the ability to reflect the regional stress enhancement by cross-fault short-leveling is further weakened. But when the horizontal projection distance exceeds 25km, the cumulative displacements significantly increase, with the maximum displacement reaching 1.75m. The results of equivalent stress show that the listric fault structure causes a sudden increasement in equivalent stress when the horizontal projection distance is 10km, higher equivalent stress values are accumulated between the projection distance of 5-20km, and then high-low stress difference zones are formed at the bottom of the fault plane and near the transition zone of low-high dip angle.  相似文献   

考虑加筋与遮帘效应的层状地基群桩沉降计算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林智勇  戴自航 《工程地质学报》2015,23(1):178-185

桩群在土中的加筋与遮帘效应是客观存在的,但目前的理论与实践均未能或有效地考虑该效应.基于剪切变形法原理,在计算某一根桩沉降时,考虑了其他各相邻基桩的存在对该桩沉降的折减,即加筋与遮帘效应,得到了桩侧桩-土接触等效剪切弹簧刚度,建立了桩身位移微分方程,分别求得桩顶沉降-桩端沉降、桩顶荷载-桩端压力的递推关系,从而得到了各桩在自身荷载作用下引起自身沉降的柔度系数; 同理,也求得了各邻桩在其桩顶荷载下引起它桩沉降的柔度系数,最终建立了群桩沉降计算的柔度矩阵方程.推导过程中,考虑了地基土的成层性及桩端沉降的相互影响,并提出了基于一定深度内的Mindlin位移解且考虑桩径影响的桩端压力-桩端位移关系新模式.算例结果表明,本文方法与实测值较为接近,且按本文方法求得的群桩中基桩相互作用系数明显小于弹性理论计算结果,且与实测值吻合较好.  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of permafrost effects on the seismic site response     

Zhaohui Yang  Utpal Dutta  Gang Xu  Kenan Hazirbaba  Elmer E. Marx 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011

Some of the damage to the infrastructure observed in past earthquakes occurred in Alaska could be related to the existence of permafrost. However, only limited research has been carried out so far to investigate the effects of permafrost on the seismic site response. Permafrost with relatively high shear wave velocity (1000–1500 m/s) extensively exists in the interior of Alaska and causes anomaly in the shear wave velocity profile that may alter the site response. In current design practices, permafrost has been treated as bedrock and its potential effects on site response are ignored. A systematic investigation was conducted to understand the effects of permafrost on the ground motion characteristics using one-dimensional equivalent linear analysis for the MCE, AASHTO and IBC Design Earthquake level hazards. The average surface displacement, velocity and acceleration response spectra for a typical permafrost site were obtained and the worst case scenario was identified. The results show that the presence of permafrost can significantly alter the ground motion characteristics and it may not be conservative to ignore the effects of permafrost in the seismic design of civil structures.  相似文献